Chromosome Probes Essays - Cytogenetics, Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosome Probes Chromosome Probes Sensitive chromosome probes recently discovered by a University of Toronto geneticist will make it easier to detect certain types of genetic and prenatal diseases, as well as being used to determine paternity and provide forensic evidence in criminal cases. Probes are short pieces of DNA which bind to, and actually pinpoint, particular sites on a chromosome. Because these new probes are actually repeated hundreds or thousands of time at a particular site, they are much more sensitive than previously available ones. Of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, Dr. F.H. Willard has discovered repeated probes or markers for six plus the gender determining X and Y chromosomes. What we're trying to decide now is whether to isolate probes for the other chromosomes, or whether we should utilize the eight we have, he says. Dr. Willard is currently negotiating with an American company to develop prenatal diagnostic tests, which, because the current tests are time consuming and technically difficult to do, are restricted to women over 35 and those who have a family history of chromosomal abnormalities. Prenatal tests using Willard's probes would be much simpler and faster to perform and could be available to all pregnant women who wish to take advantage of the technology. Current prenatal testing involves growing fetal cells in vitro and examining them, over one or two months, to see if there are two copies of a particular chromosome, which is normal, or one or three, which is abnormal. A test using Willard's probes would require only a few cells and a few days to detect abnormalities. I don't think it's beyond the realm of possibility that these kinds of tests could eventually be done by an obstetrician in the office during the early stages of pregnancy, he adds. The determination of gender is another possible use for the probes. Many diseases, such as Duschene's muscular dystrophy, show up on the X chromosome, manifesting only in boys. Willard thinks it is possible to develop a test which would quickly indicate the fetus' sex. This would benefit parents whose only option is to have no children or to have only girls. Confirming gender in children with ambiguous genitalia is another medical reason for using the test. A quick examination of the X and Y chromosomes of the child would indicate whether genetically the child is male or female. As yet, Willard has been unable to develop a probe for chromosome 21. Down's Syndrome results from three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). I think we'll know within a year whether a test to detect trisomy 21 is feasible, he says hopefully. The other six chromosome probes which Willard has developed do not immediately lend themselves to diagnostic tests, except for certain cancers, he says. We have a probe for chromosome 7 and we know that trisomy 7 is a signal for certain types of cancer. Chromosome abnormalities of all kinds are a signpost of tumors. Theoretically, an oncologist could use a chromosome probe test to examine tissue and obtain a reading for a specific cancer. It wouldn't suggest a mode of therapy, he points out, but would be a speedy test and would have prognostic implications for the kind of tumor discovered. As a basic research tool, Willard's probes could be used to develop a genetic linkage map for human chromosomes. It's important to know the location of genes in the human genome, particularly disease genes. The leading approach to try to sort out disease genes is to use genetic linkage. Because our sequences are at the centromere it would allow us to develop a map. The third application for the probes is in forensic biology. Willard believes his markers are as unique to each each individual as are fingerprints. According to the geneticist, it will be possible to make a DNA 'fingerprint' from blood or sperm, which could be used as evidence in rape or murder cases. We haven't yet done the analysis which confirms that our probes are DNA fingerprints, but once we do, we will make them available for development into tests. As research progresses in all these areas, Willard hopes to collaborate with other departments at the U of T to conduct clinical trials. His work is funded by the March of Dimes, the Hospital for Sick Children Foundation and the Medical Research Council. Science Essays

The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown

The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown The Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown The Symbolism of Young Goodman Brown Nathaniel Hawthorne is a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Hawthorne was born is Salem, Massachusetts, and this is the place he used as the setting for some of his works: such as The Scarlett Letter, the Blithedale Romance and Young Goodman Brown. In writing, Hawthorne was known for his use of allegory and symbolism, which made his stories a joy for everyone to read. Hawthorne was said to be the first American writer who was conscious of the failure of modern man to realize his full capacity for moral growth. His stories contain much about the life he knew as a child being brought up in a Puritan society. As Hawthornes writing continued it was filled with the same amount of sin and evil as his first writings. Evil that was revealed through his works. Young Goodman Brown was said to be one of the best stories ever written by Hawthorne (Adams70). The Marble Faun: and the Scarlett Letter were some of the other stories written by Hawthorne, and they were said to be Young Goodman Brown grown older. In this selection there is a question of maturity for Goodman Brown and whether he is good or evil. There is also a transition from childishness to adolescence to maturity. This short story in particular has a feeling of adultery, betrayal, and deception as in some of his other works. It was said by Richard P. Adams that young Goodman Brown was a germ for nearly all his best work that followed (Adams 71). The use of symbolism in young Goodman Brown shows that evil is everywhere, which becomes evident in the conclusion of this short story. Hawthornes works are filled with symbolic elements and allegorical elements. Young Goodman Brown deals mostly with conventional allegorical elements, such as Young Goodman Brown and Faith. In writing his short stories or novels he based their depiction of sin on the fact that he feels like his father and grandfather committed great sins. There are two main characters in this short story, Faith and Young Goodman Brown. Young Goodman Brown is everyman seventeenth-century New England the title as usual giving the clue. He is the son of the Old Adam, and recently wedded to Faith. We must note that every word is significant in the opening sentence: Young Goodman Brown came forth at sunset into the street of Sale, Village; but put his head back, after crossing the threshold, to exchange a parting kiss with his young w2ife. She begs him to put off his journey until sunrise, but he declares he cannot. [It] should not escape us that she tries to stop him because she is a similar compulsion to go on a journey herself-She talks dreams, too, Young Goodman Brown reflects as he leaves her. The journey each must take alone, in dread, at night, is the journey away form home and the community from conscious, everyday social life, to the wilderness where the hidden self satisfies or forces us to realize its subconscious fears and prompting in sleep. We take that journey with him into the awful forest. Noting the di fference between the town and the forest. We see Hawthorne using the Puritan association of trees and animals. When Young Goodman associates returns to Salem Village, his eyes are opened to the true nature of his fellowmen, that is human nature; he inescapably knows that what he suspected of himself is true of all men Hawthorne has made a dramatic poem of the Calvinist experience in New England. The unfailing tact with which the experience is evoked subjectively in the more impressive concrete terms, is a subordinate proof of genius. I should prefer to stress the wonderful I control of local and total rhythm, which never falters of stackers, and rises from the quest but impressive opening to its poetic climax in the superb and moving finale. Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin, that theory did in actuality shape the early social and spiritual history of New England. But in Hawthorne by a wonderful feat of translation, it has no religious significance; it is as a psychological

Hree examples of compensable hours that would not count towards the 40 Essay

Hree examples of compensable hours that would not count towards the 40 hour per week threshold for overtime - Essay Example When an employee gets send to training he does not get compensated for the time spent at that activity. Companies often schedule events such as dinners, receptions, and social gatherings for the employees (Venable). Many of these events have mandatory participation. The event occurs beyond the 40 hour week. Employees typically are never compensated for participation in these events. A circumstance in which an employee spends time as a representative of the company, but the worker does not get compensated is when an employee participates in community service activities sponsored by the company. Employees that participate in community service do it out of the goodness of their hearts and they participate on a volunteering basis. Managers are very susceptible to working beyond the 40 hour week without compensation. Work that managers perform while commuting to work or work that the manager takes home is time spend for which the manager will not receive any monetary

The proposal for an annotated bibliography Research

The for an annotated bibliography - Research Proposal Example Zhu, Jieming, â€Å"Local growth coalition: the context and implications of China’s gradualist urban land reforms,† International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 23, No. 3 (1999): 534−548 In the above journal, Zhu discusses the process and end results of changes in China’s land tenure system. This paper will be employed in the analysis the Policy implication of China’s urbanization. The paper above discusses of the ways in which the China is adapting to the fast urbanization process. It focuses on the land economic behind reproduction of spaces. This will be used to analyze ways in which China has mitigated effects of scarcity of land amid urbanization. The above authors examine the importance of research in determining public administration of Cities undergoing urbanization such as those in China. This paper will be used to identify forms of governance which China has employed to embrace changes associated with urbanization. Song Yan, and Chengri Ding analyze factors associated with fast growth and development of Chinese cities. This paper will be of vital use in determining how problems associated with urbanization can be minimized while its benefits are internalized. The Novel above describes the changes which China has been generally experiencing in its growth and urbanization phase. The novel will be used to aid in practical understanding of the direct cases and impacts associated with urbanization in China. The above topic will serve well in appreciating Urban Geography concepts as they appear in the real world. China is one of the best countries to study since it is currently one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This led to rapid urbanization and

Good Things About Designed by Groupism Case Study

Good Things About Designed by Groupism - Case Study Example Despite the negative experiences, I believe there are good things about designing by groupism. Sometimes, each person able to do what he does best. Everyone feels a part of project. The results of project were much better. There are good things about designing by groupism like each person able to do what he does best. Some students better with writing. Others better with speaking. Some better with doing. I was better with doing. So I did the code. Mary was better with writing. She kept notes and wrote the paper. Casey was best with speaking. He presented our project to the class. Sometimes, each person is able to do what he does best in groupism design. This is what happened in our group. We worked well together. It helped to have a good manager in the group. Other good things about designing by groupism are each person feels part of project. We each made suggestion about website. Some we used. Some we did not, but everyone made points that were used. Mary and I helped with layout. Mary and Casey did content. We all worked on code together. Each felt a part of project design by groupism. Casey really helped it all go smooth. At the end of the project, we all felt happy about how everything happened. The website was great. We were very proud of our work. The best thing about designing by groupism is the results of project were much better.

Organisation analysis

Organisation analysis INTRODUCTION I personally feel that I already possessed some basic knowledge required in analysing and gathering information about an organisation. In the past while I was preparing myself for the campus recruitment programmes during my bachelors, I did a similar kind of research in order to get an idea beforehand about the companies and their market values that I was applying for. What I liked the most about this module is that in the initial three weeks we were just taught about the various principles and frameworks that underlie in analysing an organisation and its only in the last couple of weeks that we were provided with hands on experience in implementing the learnt techniques. LESSONS LEARNED I really felt it new and great to interact with the employees while conducting the surveys among them. In the later part when we were not granted the permission to conduct the surveys, I founded it pretty difficult but learnt quite a lot about the issues that are faced while conducting them under the shades. Though the questionnaires were straight forward and the employees did not have much difficulty in filling them, the major setback was with the interviews that I had with some of them. I had to reframe almost all of our questions in such a way that it does not eats up much of the employees time and also to make it easy for them to come out with specific answers. STAGES OF ANALYSIS Our group was assigned with the Warwick Food and Drink Department for our analysis. The Food and Drink department was found to be offering many services like the cafes, restaurants, bars and food deliveries across the university. Hence we figured out that we need to put in a lot of effort and time in order to furnish our findings. As instructed by our course coordinator we choose a member of our team as the group representative, who was responsible for interacting with the manager. The very first day we begin our analysis, we decided and made our group representative to mail and book an appointment with the manager of that department. Luckily to our surprise, we got an early appointment for the meeting from the manager. Since time was lacking for us to analyse about each and every service offered by the department, we all brainstormed and decided on some of the major and bigger services to analyse. Initially many of my team members decided to conduct their analyses on services that catered to only to a small amount of people owing to the lack of time, but later I somehow struggled and convinced them to opt in for some of the bigger service areas. I was of the notion that by understanding the work structure in these bigger service areas, we could get a clear view of the organisation as a whole. We then framed the questions that we were to ask the manager during the interview. Many of us came up with different kind of questions and after much aberration we zeroed on some of the basic questions. Again in this phase I faced quite some difficulties in convincing my team members. Though there are many instances one of t hem being the question about the Safety Measures that are being undertaken in the department. Since our analysis was about the Food and Drinks, I felt the need to consider about the safety measures being taken in order to guarantee the quality of food that are served to the customers, whereas my team members felt that it is awkward to shoot this question to the manager of that department. Though many were not happy I somehow convinced my group representative to incorporate it to the list of other questions. But later to everyones surprise, it was for this question that the manager gave utmost importance and also spent quite a lot of time on answering it. Though when compared to the other groups we got an early appointment from the manager and also had an interview with her, we could not extort as much of the needed information from it. But we figured out that motivation was ought to be an important factor that was missing in that department, which in turn led us to understand deeper into the facts that the grading system and feedback from the managers about the performance of their employees were also lacking. Owing to our lack of time, we took motivation as the preceding factor and decided to dig out as much information we could from it. We framed some more questions based on motivation and tried to schedule another interview with the manager, but our appointment was refused. Later we prepared a questionnaire (owing to the fact that their workplaces were busy always) containing questions about the employees motivation, their job satisfaction, etc. and we decided to hand it over to just a minimal number of employees in each of the services on which we were concentrating our analysis. Again when we tried to get permission from the manager to give out these questionnaires, she readily disagreed to it. Hence we almost felt like we were totally lost in the middle of nowhere. Later we decided to conduct the interviews and give out the questionnaires to some of the employees, whom we personally knew. Though what we did was out of the rules since the manager did not wanted and did not knew about this, we had no other options left. Since we were mainly concentrating on the factors like the motivation, grading system, feedback and the performance evaluation, our interviews and the questionnaires were narrowed down onto these fields and I almost succeeded in extracting the required information from the 8 surveys that I conducted. After completing the surveys our entire group sat together and brainstormed about the answers that we obtained. After much aberration we zeroed down on some of the common issues that needed to be taken care of in the department, which we made sure came up in line with those factors that we planned to consider after our initial interview with the manager. Though I planned to address the issues like leadership and teamwork persisting in the department, it could not be done owing to the lack of co-operation from the upper management. THEORIES INVOLVED I made use of the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in order to depict the various and basic needs of the employees. To my surprise its only the full time employees who were satisfying their whole range of needs whereas the part time employees were concerned only about their basic needs. From my analysis I figured out that it was mainly owing to the current recession that the employees were tending to ignore their higher level needs. We also made use of the Adams Equity Theory and McClellands Acquired Needs Theory in order to understand and relate the issues about the employees workplaces and the relationship among their co-workers, from the data we acquired from them. After disseminating as much of the acquired information among our team members, we headed our way to prepare for the presentation and the final report. Since the report was just a one page document, it is the presentation which made us to put in some extra efforts. We decided to showcase in the presentation, the exact information or to be more specific the exact wordings which we obtained from the employees during our interview with them. AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT If I were to undergo the whole life cycle and come out with a much more efficient analysis strategy, then I would take care of the following issues. Firstly, I would try getting as much information as possible from my initial interview with the manager. Since in the beginning we were of the notion that we would have at least 2-3 meetings with the manager, we shelved some of the questions for our later interviews which owing to our bad luck did not happen. So it is always better to get all the required data at that instant rather than waiting for chances. Secondly, we were almost waiting about a week for a reply from the manager pertaining to our second meeting. Hence the next time instead of just waiting during that period I would straight away start conducting my surveys whenever possible. Since time is an important factor which we need to consider, I would take precise care of it. CONCLUSION The organisation analysis module gave me a wider view of what analysis is all about. I learnt that analysis is just about reporting our findings and not arriving at judgements for the same. It also gave me an edge on how to practically implement the models and frameworks in the real world scenarios. I personally feel that if a person is able to analyse something immense and external to him, would surely be able to analyse and learn about him to a great extent by incorporating the same techniques. Hence this module has not only aided me to grow professionally but also personally. REFERENCES 1. Carrell, M.R., Dittrich, J.E. (1978). Equity Theory: The Recent Literature, Methodological Considerations, and New Directions. 2. Maslow A.H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 3. McClelland, D. C. (1975). Power: The inner experience, New York: Irvington.

Essay --

Our computers were originally bundled with built in programs that are readily available to use. These include  the security, multimedia, image editor, PC maintenance and so forth. But those embedded programs and features have basic functions only. There are a variety of free and useful softwares now that we can download to enhance and help your day to day life activities. Below is a short list of the most essential free software you can't afford to miss on your windows XP to Windows 8 operating system. Antivirus and Antimalware Protection Regardless of how you use your computer on a daily basis, keeping your computer healthy should be our first line of defense. Although our computers have built in firewalls, it has been a campaign to protect our computers by running antivirus and keeping the system up to date. No single tool can detect everything. An anti malware alone cannot protect your computer from viruses and vice versa. So as a solution, experts recommended to install one security tool (Micrsoft security essential, AVAST or AVG) that can protect your computer from threats while surfing the web, installing applications and opening files and attachments on your mail. Then install anti malware (malware bytes)to remove potentially unwanted softwares and any other infections found to make sure nothing has been overlooked. But on top of this, we should also maintain a good browsing habit and good downloading hygiene. Password management One of the reasons why accounts are easily hacked because people use simple passwords such as their kid's name, their last name, short phrases or sequential numbers so they can easily remember it. Many users also need to remember different passwords for their email, bank accounts, ebay log in a... ...oogle Docs. It is a web based suite developed by Google and its now integrated with the Google Drive. This web based service will allow the users to create and edit documents online in real time. This tool also offers word processing documents, drawings, presentation and spreadsheet and can also read Microsoft office documents. It can work on all operating system since its web based. NeoOffice has the same features with Apache and libre Office but it's designed to work with Mac OS only. The software has grammar and spell checker feature and can also read Microsoft formats. There you have it, we have showcased some of the essential software that you can't afford to miss on your computer. All these products have been tested already and although they are free ones, they are efficient as the paid version. These softwares are worth trying to without spending a dime

Definition Essay (Definition of Good Student)

What Defies Us All throughout your life you here how important it is to study hard, stay out of trouble, and to stay focused, but there is a lot more when it comes to being a good student and when the definition of good is â€Å"of a favorable character or tendency† and the definition of student is â€Å"one who attends school,† you’re going to have a wide variety of definitions for what a â€Å"good student† really is. Also, is a good student the kid that sits in the front, pays attention and works hard, but still struggles to keep a C plus average?Or is it the kid in the back texting away and still gets just as good grades if not better? Considering the perplexity of the subject it can be both and I believe it entails a deeper meaning than how intelligent you are in school. First of all, being a good student has nothing to do with how smart you are initially. There are a wide variety of personalities in today’s society which effects the way we lea rn and we find ourselves having different points of views on just about everything.Not only is that a huge factor in the way we behave towards our homework, but it also affects us in the classroom. No teacher can successfully teach a group of students to their full ability because of the fact that there are so many different ways in which people learn best. Sometimes people might have completely opposite feelings toward the teacher and or the subject. Either way people are more inclined to do better in something that interests them. Another thing I believe we can agree on is the wide variety of mental disabilities that are more and more common in today’s society. From A. D.D to Down syndrome there is an effect on your brain, but the way I look at is that someone with a severe case of autism can be a better student than someone with no mental disability. A lot of people with disabilities have to battle everyday to learn something that comes easy to most people and therefore so me people would look at them as not being a good student for their intelligence, but the way some of them excel in certain areas makes me believe differently. In my eyes that makes my lazy procrastination seem almost sinful to someone with a learning disability, even though just about everyone is guilty of procrastinating a time or two.Another quality that plays a part in defining a well-founded pupil is how much drive he or she has to complete the task at hand. No matter what you’re doing you have to remember that there is more than one way to do anything and there is a trick to even the simplest of things. It doesn’t matter if you’re digging ditches or dissecting a frog, if you pay attention and apply yourself you can learn the top secret tricks of your trade by learning how not to do it. Like when Thomas Edison mastered the light bulb he first had to find out about the thousands of filaments that didn’t work before he found the ones that did.Another th ing that makes being a â€Å"good student† so complex is when someone hears the word student they usually think of someone in a school type setting. In reality a student can be anything from a young baseball player to someone aspiring to be a famous artist to an engineer. Either way you are learning something and to learn anything well you have to be a good student. Like to go pro in baseball or any other sport you have to kick your own ass everyday to be better than the next guy and a great artist or musician has to dedicate majority of their time to master the instruments of their art.Now we all know that it’s not too much fun with your nose buried in the books all of the time, so therefore some of us tends to do some partying to meditate. A lot of the time I think it is defiantly good to party down every once and a while and have a good time, just nothing too crazy. I believe it tends to keep us sane and a little less stressed while also giving us a break from that dreaded homework. Remember, I didn’t say anything about a perfect student, so that’s another sweet reason about being a good student.Also a levelheaded scholar can be wild and courageous sometimes and it doesn’t have to be a party that he or she seeks refuge from the school work that is piling up by the second. They can go for a walk or go skydiving, but no matter what you do I believe it’s good to escape the seemingly never ending book work every once in a while, as long as you continue to be safe and stay out of trouble. It also doesn’t matter where you are, there are millions of opportunities that await us every day and being a good student doesn’t only effect how we perform in the class room.Like if you start good study ad work habits, than things will tend to be easier for you in the long run. It can help us in wanting to utilize every opportunity that could be beneficial to us, no matter if it’s hard or nerve racking. Opportunit y happens in the blink of an eye and if you don’t mentally prepare yourself to try your best no matter what the situation, than you can miss out on a lot of life changing experiences. So whether you are a genius or disabled you should tend to challenge yourself to gain a larger amount of self-respect and the respect of others which can earn you the title of a good person let alone a good student.Overall the thought of being a good student isn’t always how well you do in school and it doesn’t mean you have to be the best, but you do have to apply yourself at least enough to life so that you learn something new every day. Even though a good student has a complex meaning I believe that it can be summed up as, â€Å"anyone who tries hard to learn something new every day for the sake of learning and brightening their outlook on life. †

The British Government Vs the US Government

The United States and Britain are two powerful democracies in the world that always tried to uphold the values of democratic system and propagate those values across the globe. In most cases, they share same views and opinions in restoration of peace and democracy in different parts of the world. There are several factors that bring the countries closer. The similarity in the political system of both the countries is one of those factors. Their political systems also differ in many aspects. However, still they share almost the same values and principles.The government system of these counties are so strong and convincing that many countries including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and others have adopted their constitution from these countries. The British Government, a Brief Overview Britain has a parliamentary democratic system with a constitutional monarch. Queen is regarded as head of the state. Unlike other constitutions in the world, the British constitution is made up of a combination of laws and practices that are not legally enforceable.However, they are considered as vital to the functioning of the government. â€Å"The British government system is divided into four parts: the Monarch, the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. Although Queen is not involved in the day-to-day operation of the government, she is an integral part of all branches of the British government system† (James, 1999: 41). Britain provides a unique example of balance between the monarchy and democracy. Both Queen and the democratic head of the country perform their responsibilities without any conflict. The US Government, an OverviewThe political system of the United States gives a strong framework for a federal presidential form of democratic government. There is no monarchy in the United States. Unlike some other democracies in the world, the President keeps most powers in his hands. The president is both head of state and head of government. He is also t he head of a two-party legislative and electoral system. â€Å"The US government system includes the Executive headed by the President, the legislature and the judiciary. Legislative power is vested in the Congress that has two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives.Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature and is comprised of the US Supreme Court and lower courts† (Vile, 1999: 31). The judiciary also has the power and authority to resolve the disputes between the executive and legislature. The British Parliament and the US Congress â€Å"The major difference between the government systems of Britain and the United States is the basis on which they are formed. While Britain has the parliamentary form of government, the United States has the presidential form of government† (Lijphart, 1992: 31).The legislature in Britain is known as the Parliament. It is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Queen as constitutiona l monarch. â€Å"The House of Commons has 651 elected representatives who are called the Members of Parliament. They represent local constituencies. The House of Lords is comprised of 1,185 members who are selected on hereditary terms, two archbishops and the 24 most senior bishops† (James, 1999: 45). The center of parliamentary power in Britain is the House of Commons. â€Å"The House of Lords has limited powers in the functioning of the government.Traditionally, it complements the House of Commons and does not indulge in any type of conflict† (James, 1999: 46). The British Parliament uses several procedures to control the executive branch of the government system. When any report is prepared, the House of Commons gets the ultimate power to pass the resolution. If the House rejects any proposal, that becomes tantamount to be a no-confidence against the government. Like the British government system, the US Congress is also bicameral. It is comprised of the House of Re presentatives and the Senate.â€Å"The House has 435 members who represent the congressional districts. They serve a two-year term. House seats are determined on the basis of population in the respective states. The US Senate has 100 members. Each state sends two senators to the Senate who serve a six-year term. Both Senators and Representatives are elected through direct election† (Vile, 1999: 54). In the British government system, the House of Lords has very limited powers to decide the passage of any bill or proposal. However, this is not the case with the US Senate.â€Å"The Senate's advice and consent is required to confirm the President's nominations to high-level positions in the executive and the judiciary† (Vile, 1999: 52). Voting system in the British political system and the US political system is similar. In Britain, general elections are held every five years to choose MPs. Similarly, in the US, the President and the members of the House of Representatives are elected every two years. Voting is conducted through a secret ballot and the minimum age requirement to participate in voting is 18 in both countries.Political Parties Political parties in Britain and the United States play a major role in determining the course of the government. The political party system is essential to the smooth functioning of the constitution. Although there are several small parties in Britain, the contest is always between two major political parties, the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. All the general elections have been won by these parties. The smaller parties are mostly represented in local governments.After every general election, the government is formed by the party that gains majority in the House of Commons. The leader of the winning party is appointed as Prime Minister by the Queen. â€Å"The Prime Minister appoints about 100 ministers. Out of them, at least 20 ministers get the rank of cabinet ministers. They take all major policy de cisions. Ministers are responsible for government decisions, as they are party to it† (Lijphart, 1992: 46). The opposition party, which gets less number of votes, plays a constructive role to challenge government policies and present an alternative.The policies are always carried out by government departments that are accountable to the respective ministries. However, these departments are staffed by neutral civil servants who have no association with any political party. They perform the executive functions of the government. The political system of Britain and the US is quite similar. Although they function as multi-party system, only two major parties in both countries hold much importance. The United States has two major political parties, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party that dominate the political spectrum of the country.â€Å"It is true that the political parties have not been recognized or registered by the law either in Britain or in the United States. H owever, they are regulated by the constitutions of individual states or counties that organize elections both at local and national level. Despite having multi-party system, both countries have been limited to a bi-party system† (Lijphart, 1992: 48). Decision Making Group In Britain, the decision-making group is comprised of the Prime Minister and his group of ministers. â€Å"The government of the United Kingdom contains a number of ministries.Each of them is led by a senior minister who is supported by some junior ministers† (James, 1999: 61). Any major decision taken by the government first goes through the House of Representatives and then goes to the Queen for her approval. â€Å"In the United States, the decision-making group comprises of the President and the Cabinet appointed by him. The Cabinet includes the Secretary of State, Attorney General and secretaries of other federal executive departments† (Vile, 1999: 60). The US has separate state departments. Each department is headed by a Secretary who directly reports to the President. Once a bill is prepared, it goes through the House of Representatives and the Senate. It becomes law only after both the houses approve it. Judicial System The British judicial system is completely different from the American judicial system. Britain does not have a single judicial system. It has separate judicial systems for the member countries. â€Å"England and Wales have one judicial system while Scotland has its own judiciary. Northern Ireland has another judicial system.The Lord Chancellor, who is the head of the judiciary in England and Wales, appoints judges and magistrates for criminal courts. He plays an active role in the executive, legislature and judiciary† (James, 1999: 71). The US Constitution provides scope for a powerful judiciary. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial authority in the United States. It is regarded as the guardian of the constitution. The judiciary of the US is completely independent of the executive and the legislature. â€Å"The Justices of the Supreme Court are nominated by the President with the consent of the Senate.While the Supreme Court is established by the US Constitution, all other federal courts are created by the Congress† (Vile, 1999: 62). The Supreme Court has the authority to hold both original and appellate jurisdiction. Functions of the Government The British government makes strategies with the help of group of ministers, approval of the House of Commons and the final assent from the Queen. However, it is not possible for the government to implement the policies without the help of the government departments. Government departments and their agencies are instrumental in implementing government policy.They often work with the local authorities, statutory boards and other government-sponsored organizations. The major government departments in Britain include the Ministry of Defense, Departmen t of Social Security, Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Employment. These departments are headed by ministers. However, there are some departments that are headed by permanent officials from Civil Service. â€Å"Many government departments are assisted by advisory councils or committees. These bodies are generally appointed by the respective ministers† (James, 1999: 79).Members from the Civil Service are integral part of the government activities. Their responsibilities range from policy formulation to carrying out the day-to-day duties of public administration. The US government carries out its operations through various departments. â€Å"Although the President and the US congress formulate strategies, the federal executive departments implement these policies in the country. They work closely with the state governments and the local governments. The federal executive departments are headed by the members of the Cabinet† (Lijphart, 1992: 65).The main government departments in the United States are the Department of State, Department of Treasury, Department of Defense, Department of Justice, Department of Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of Health and Human Services, Department of Education and Department of Homeland Security. Heads of these departments are called as Secretaries. Conclusion The United States and Britain always worked closely to restore peace and democracy in different parts of the world. Sometimes they used force to achieve their objective and received huge criticism for that.However, their dedication towards democracy, world peace and maintaining the constitutional values cannot be undermined. They always turned against the dictatorship and fascism and promoted democratic principles across the globe. The government systems of the United States and Britain are so popular that many governments have adopted them in their own countries. Bibliography James, Simon. British Cabinet Government. London: R outledge, 1999. Lijphart, Arend. Parliamentary versus Presidential Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Vile, M. J. C. Politics in the USA. London: Routledge, 1999.

Fundacao calouste gulbenkian Essays

Fundacao calouste gulbenkian Essays Fundacao calouste gulbenkian Essay Fundacao calouste gulbenkian Essay INTRODU A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; O A gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; um assunto que tem sido discutido com aten amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o no meio acad A ; ecirc ; mico, societal vitamin E governamental. E a presente pesquisa vem tratar hyrax V A ; aacute ; rias repercuss amp ; otilde ; es na continuidade district attorney vida deste adolescente. Normalmente o adolescente ainda N A ; atilde ; o possui capacidade parity racionalizar as conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias futuras decorrentes do seu comportamento sexual, deparando-se freq A ; uuml ; entemente com situa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de risco, como a gravidez N A ; atilde ; o planejada ou desejada. Nesta fase, onde acontecem modifica A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es no corpo, na sexualidade, no psicol A ; oacute ; gico e societal, a falta de apoio familiar vitamin E de expectativas de vida leva a perda district attorney auto-estima vitamin E baixo rendimento Lepidocybium flavobrunneum. H A ; aacute ; tamb A ; eacute ; m a falta de lazer ou maus exemplos familiares e de amigos, curiosidade natural, desafios, necessidade de expressar Cupid ( paix A ; atilde ; o ) , solid A ; atilde ; o e necessidade de afirma A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, que podem levar os adolescentes a iniciar sua vida sexual precocemente, com N A ; uacute ; meros alarmantes de gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es n amp ; atilde ; o desejadas vitamin E de doen A ; ccedil ; as sexualmente transmiss A ; iacute ; veis ( DST s ) , caracterizando a falta de conhecimento e informa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o dos adolescentes sobre o aparelho reprodutor vitamin E district attorney merriment A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, m A ; eacute ; todos contraceptivos e principalmente de atitudes concisas parity a Pr A ; aacute ; tica de sexo seguro. : Observa-se que a maioria Department of State casos de infec A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de Aids deu-se district attorney adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia ao in A ; iacute ; cio da idade adulta. Al A ; eacute ; m disso, v A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros estudos mostram que, apesar do elevado amp ; iacute ; ndice de conhecimento sobre as formas de transmiss A ; atilde ; o, ainda s A ; atilde ; o poucos os jovens que afirmam usar camisinha mutton quad Toda as rela A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sexuais. Pesquisa sobre comportamento sexual district attorney popula A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o brasileira ( MINIST A ; eacute ; RIO DA SA A ; uacute ; DE, 1999 ) revela que, do entire de indiv A ; iacute ; duos sexualmente ativos pesquisados, 76 % n A ; atilde ; o usam camisinha, sendo que os jovens de 16 a 25 Fatah Revolutionary Council s A ; atilde ; o os maiores usu A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros ( 44 % ) ( JEOLAS, 2003, p. 611 ) . A gravidez pode trazer V A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros efeitos sociais negativos como: perda hyraxs oportunidades educacionais, de trabalho e redu A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o das opportunities de um casamento feliz com limita A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de oportunidades. Ocorrem tamb A ; eacute ; m efeitos psicol A ; oacute ; gicos associados aos conflitos emocional e educacional frente A ; agrave ; situa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da maternidade, principalmente pela falta de apoio, despreparo ou abandono por parte do parceiro. Neste per A ; iacute ; odo tem-se uma perda de autonomia buscada pela Pr A ; oacute ; pria adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia, J A ; aacute ; que a torna mais dependente de seus pais ; geralmente vem acompanhada de medo, culpa e vergonha vitamin E, dependendo do apoio que tiver da fam A ; iacute ; lia e de isolamento que sofrer do seu grupo, a adolescente poder A ; aacute ; ter maior ou menor grau de tens A ; atilde ; o e depress A ; atilde ; o. Sen do assim a adolescente Se torna mais vulner A ; aacute ; vel, tendo a necessidade de todo um apoio psicol A ; oacute ; gico e societal. Acredita-se hoje que o risco de gravidez na adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia n amp ; atilde ; o seja biol A ; oacute ; gico e obst A ; eacute ; trico, mas sim determinado principalmente por fatores psicossociais como medo, ansiedade, falta de apoio societal vitamin E sentimento de inferioridade entre outros. Frente ao exposto, billow a pursuit A ; atilde ; o que norteia esta pesquisa: Quais s A ; atilde ; o os aspectos psicossociais district attorney gravidez na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia? Ao definir, ao menos em parte, estes aspectos, abre-se a possibilidade de interven A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o profissional cabal a estes indiv A ; iacute ; couple. OBJETIVOS Os objetivos traduzem o norte district attorney pesquisa ; A ; eacute ; atrav A ; eacute ; s deles que se define aonde Se pretende chegar. Para melhor identificar os rumos district attorney pesquisa, os objetivos ser A ; atilde ; o divididos em objetivo geral vitamin E objetivos espec A ; iacute ; ficos. Objetivo Geral O presente trabalho pretende fazer um levantamento sobre as transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es psicossociais que a adolescente enfrenta Durante vitamin E ap A ; oacute ; s a gravidez, atrav A ; eacute ; s de um estudo de caso das adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas do ESF no N A ; uacute ; cleo de Atendimento e Promo A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da Sa A ; uacute ; de ( NAPS ) no munic A ; iacute ; pio de Sooretama, localizado na regi amp ; atilde ; o norte make Esp A ; iacute ; rito Santo. Objetivos Espec A ; iacute ; ficos Realizar um levantamento bibliogr A ; aacute ; fico sobre o assunto em quest A ; atilde ; O ; Aplicar um inquiry A ; aacute ; rio a adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas atendidas pela ESF no N A ; uacute ; cleo de Atendimento e Promo A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da Sa A ; uacute ; de ( NAPS ) no munic A ; iacute ; pio de Sooretama. Analisar os dados obtidos com a coleta de informa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es, permitindo assim respondent o problema de pesquisa ; Sugerir pesquisas futuras sobre a mesma tem A ; aacute ; tica. JUSTIFICATIVA PARA A ESCOLHA DO TEMA Descrever a justificativa mutton quad termos pessoais, profissionais e/ou acad A ; ecirc ; micos: Eu engravidei na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia, a A ; aacute ; rea de apoio A ; agrave ; adolescente gr amp ; aacute ; vida cresce, ampliando a atua A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o do assistente societal, ou na gradua amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o o tema despertou O meu interesse. Entendeu? O tema foi escolhido por se tratar de um assunto T A ; atilde ; o comentado e T A ; atilde ; o pr amp ; oacute ; ximo de n A ; oacute ; s. O estudo se Fez a partir district attorney preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o com a tem A ; aacute ; tica gravidez na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia, pois tem aumentado consideravelmente os casos mutton quad Toda as categories sociais. E isto justifica uma preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o redobrada e uma cont A ; iacute ; nua reflex amp ; atilde ; o dos setores de sa A ; uacute ; de, para que em conjunto busquem atuar com os adolescentes em merriment A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da preven A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o promovendo fatores positivos de prote A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Pois n A ; atilde ; o se trata de um problema exclusivo do adolescente e sim do Estado, a fam A ; iacute ; lia e a sociedade. Neste sentido e cardinal que pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas parity que se levantem as especificidades do fen amp ; ocirc ; meno da maternidade na adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia. METODOLOGIA Neste ponto, a metodologia A ; eacute ; ampla. Tipo: foi feita uma pesquisa bibliogr A ; aacute ; FICA, que, de acordo com Lakatos vitamin E Marconi, A ; eacute ; isso vitamin E aquilo. As obras consultadas foram livros, artigos, revistas, sites, etc. Al A ; eacute ; m da pesquisa bibliogr A ; aacute ; FICA, foi realizada tamb A ; eacute ; m uma pesquisa de campo, visando averiguar como as adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas lidam com esta nova realidade. L A ; aacute ; na frente, no cap A ; iacute ; tulo 3, vc detalha a pesquisa, dizendo quem participou, quando vitamin E como foi a coleta, etc. A pesquisa foi realizada atrav A ; eacute ; s de levantamento bibliogr A ; aacute ; fico e pesquisa de campo, com a aplica A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de um inquiry A ; aacute ; rio a 15 adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas que freq A ; uuml ; entam o ESF no N A ; uacute ; cleo de Atendimento e Promo A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da Sa A ; uacute ; de ( NAPS ) no munic A ; iacute ; pio de Sooretama. ESTRUTURA DO TRABALHO trabalho est A ; aacute ; dividido em seis cap A ; iacute ; tulos, a sabre: cap A ; iacute ; tulo de introdu A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o A ; agrave ; tem A ; aacute ; tica pesquisada descreve O problema de pesquisa, os objetivos, a justificativa e a relev A ; acirc ; ncia, al amp ; eacute ; m da metodologia vitamin E district attorney estrutura do trabalho ; Cap A ; iacute ; tulo 1 trata hyraxs caracter amp ; iacute ; sticas e mudan A ; ccedil ; as/transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es ocorridas na fase district attorney adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia. DETALHAR UM POUCO MAIS Capitulo 2 discute a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia, evidenciando os aspectos psicossociais da gravidez na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia. DETALHAR UM POUCO MAIS Cap A ; iacute ; tulo 3 aborda os pais adolescentes, as mudan A ; ccedil ; as ocorridas na vida destes adolescentes, Al A ; eacute ; m das expectativas esperadas para a nova fase. Cap A ; iacute ; tulo a seguir traz a pesquisa de campo, descrevendo seus participantes, procedimento de coleta dos wainscot, resultados e an A ; aacute ; lise make dados coletados. A seguir, s A ; atilde ; o relatadas as Considera A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es Finais, etapa na qual Se retorna ao problema de pesquisa e aos objetivos, analisando-se O alcance Department of State mesmos. Al A ; eacute ; m disso, sugere-se novas pesquisas acerca district attorney tem A ; aacute ; tica desta monografia, visando ampliar vitamin E aprofundar O entendimento sobre O assunto. No Pr A ; oacute ; ximo Cap A ; iacute ; tulo, s A ; atilde ; o listadas as refer A ; ecirc ; ncias utilizadas na elabora amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o desta monografia. Por fim, O A ; uacute ; ltimo Cap A ; iacute ; tulo traz os anexos district attorney pesquisa: Termo de consentimento e roteiro de entrevista utilizado. DEFININDO A ADOLESC A ; ecirc ; NCIA A adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; um per A ; iacute ; odo muito importante na vida das pessoas. Nesta etapa, ocorrem grandes mudan amp ; ccedil ; as, caracterizadas por in A ; uacute ; meras transforma amp ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es biopsicossociais. A passagem district attorney inf A ; acirc ; ncia para a vida adulta pode se dar de v A ; aacute ; rias maneiras, dependendo district attorney cultura ou A ; eacute ; poca hist A ; oacute ; rica. Em muitas sociedades tribais, ap A ; oacute ; s um ritual de inicia A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, que pode durar Dias ou semanas, os jovens s amp ; atilde ; o admitidos no mundo adulto como seres completos, aut A ; ocirc ; nomos e respons A ; aacute ; veis. Na sociedade ocidental, a adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia tem-se transformado mutton quad longa morat A ; oacute ; ria, cheia de ang A ; uacute ; stias vitamin E incertezas, sem rituais claros de passagem ( BALEEIRO, 1999, p. 25 ) . Trata-se de um per A ; iacute ; odo com caracter A ; iacute ; sticas naturalmente constituintes do desenvolvimento humano, hoje muito discutido nos meios de comunica A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, tanto parity classe popular quanto parity A ; aacute ; reas t amp ; eacute ; cnicas. per A ; iacute ; odo compreendido como adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia varia conforme o crit A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro e o grupo societal: de acordo com a Organiza A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o Mundial district attorney Sa A ; uacute ; de ( OMS ) , a adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia acontece no per A ; iacute ; odo entre 10 vitamin E 19 Fatah Revolutionary Council. Por outro lado, o Estatuto district attorney Crian A ; ccedil ; a vitamin E do Adolescente specify adolescente como O indiv A ; iacute ; duo com idade entre 12 Fatah Revolutionary Councils completos e 18 Fatah Revolutionary Councils incompletos. De acordo com o crit A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro biol A ; oacute ; gico, a adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia se inicia com a puberdade, ao passo que, adotando-se um crit A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro societal, o adolescente pode ter at A ; eacute ; 30 Fatah Revolutionary Councils. Estes exemplos, dentre v A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros outros, indicam a pluralidade de defini A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es, limites e compreens A ; otilde ; es acerca do termo. Segundo Menandro ( 2003 ) algumas caracter A ; iacute ; sticas s amp ; atilde ; o fundamentais parity a an A ; aacute ; lise de um adolescente: Projetos de futuro As principais refer A ; ecirc ; ncias profissionais encontram-se no momento onde A ; eacute ; necess A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro tomar grandes decis amp ; otilde ; es que afetar A ; atilde ; o diretamente seu futuro. Eleitor com direito adquirido a partir Department of State 16 Fatah Revolutionary Council, se mostram importantes em n A ; uacute ; mero nas elei A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es e se preocupam principalmente com as condi A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de vida das popula A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; Es. Rebeldia Se retrata mutton quad seu modo de vestir e de agir, usado como sua insatisfa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, ou como indicativo de prefer A ; ecirc ; ncia musical, A ; iacute ; dolos, pelo comportamento sexual vitamin E at A ; eacute ; pelo consumo de drogas. Irreverente/descompromissada A ; eacute ; a fase onde Se A ; eacute ; irreverente, onde se integram a movimentos ou a estilos de vida ; tem uma maneira descompromissada de encarar as coisas vitamin E os problemas do dia a Defense Intelligence Agency. Geralmente freq A ; uuml ; entadores ass amp ; iacute ; duos de bares e boates. Estudantes est A ; atilde ; o relacionados amp ; agrave ; s praticas escolares e pol A ; iacute ; ticas educacionais. Para este trabalho, considerar-se- A ; aacute ; adolescente o indiv A ; iacute ; duo compreendido entre 12 Fatah Revolutionary Councils completos e 18 Fatah Revolutionary Councils incompletos, crit A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro adotado pelo Estatuto district attorney Crian A ; ccedil ; a vitamin E do Adolescente ( BRASIL, 1990 ) . Contudo, independente Department of State limites do per A ; iacute ; odo, ocorrem varias mudan A ; ccedil ; as mutton quad diferentes A ; aacute ; reas n amp ; atilde ; o apenas degree Fahrenheit A ; iacute ; sicas, mas tamb A ; eacute ; m psicol amp ; oacute ; gicas emocionais e sociais. Consideradas segundo Baleeiro ( 1999, p. 49 ) , transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es biopsicossociais, transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es emocionais, transforma amp ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es cognitivas, transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sociais. TRANSFORMA A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; ES BIOPSICOSSOCIAIS As transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es do corpo est A ; atilde ; o ligadas amp ; agrave ; produ A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o hormonal: somatotrofina ( horm A ; ocirc ; nio do crescimento elaborado pela hip A ; oacute ; fise ) , os horm A ; ocirc ; nios masculinos ( testosterona ) vitamin E femininos ( estr amp ; oacute ; genos e progesterona ) , produzidos pelos trial A ; iacute ; culos e Orange Group A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros respectivamente. Em um determinado ponto do seu desenvolvimento, o organismo desperta parity uma serie de modifica A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es que dependem principalmente do funcionamento make hipot A ; aacute ; lamo, a hip A ; oacute ; fise, as g A ; ocirc ; nadas e degree Celsius A ; aacute ; psula supra-renal. Essas modifica A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es s amp ; atilde ; o biologicamente programadas, mas v A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros s amp ; atilde ; o os fatores que podem influenciar no seu in A ; iacute ; Congress of Industrial Organizations: fatores geogr amp ; aacute ; ficos ( geralmente, em lugares mais frios, a puberdade ocorre mais tarde ) , socioecon A ; ocirc ; micos ( nutri A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o inadequada determina baixo peso, podendo retardar a primeira menstrua A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ) , sexuais ( os meninos entram na puberdade um a Department of the Interior Fatah Revolutionary Council antes das meninas ) , e finalmente fatores psicol amp ; oacute ; gic os ( situa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de estresse podem acelerar a puberdade ) . Na rela A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o m amp ; eacute ; dico-adolescente, o primeiro preceito a ser observado A ; eacute ; o respeito amp ; agrave ; individualidade do jovem, encarado como pessoa vitamin E N A ; atilde ; o como objeto de pr A ; aacute ; tica cient A ; iacute ; fica dirigida a um ou mais A ; oacute ; roentgenium A ; atilde ; os. A ; eacute ; importante ter mutton quad mente que N A ; atilde ; o h amp ; aacute ; uma degree Fahrenheit A ; oacute ; rmula pronta vitamin E A ; uacute ; nica para trabalhar com adolescentes. Cada jovem A ; eacute ; diferente e cada um acrescenta mutton quad viv A ; ecirc ; ncia e experi A ; ecirc ; ncia que permitem aos profissionais a reavalia A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o constante. Condi A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es relevantes para este tipo de atendimento incluem sabre ouvir vitamin E interpretar, sem julgamentos. O adolescente deve identificar-se como sendo ele O cliente, mom, por outro lado, pais e/ou respons A ; aacu te ; veis n amp ; atilde ; o poder amp ; atilde ; o permanecer A ; agrave ; margem do atendimento, pois poder A ; atilde ; o beneficiar-se com informa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es e esclarecimentos ( PAIVA, 2006, p. 19 ) . Segundo Trindade vitamin E Menandro ( 2002 ) , as transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es f amp ; iacute ; sicas de uma crian A ; ccedil ; a at A ; eacute ; a fase adulta consistem em importantes mudan A ; ccedil ; as mutton quad altura, peso, distribui A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de gordura, musculatura e na propor A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o corporal. Crescimento O crescimento Se vitamin D A ; aacute ; de forma acelerada A ; eacute ; o chamado estir A ; atilde ; o pubert amp ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro ; isto acontece mais cedo sodiums meninas ( entre 11 vitamin E 12 Fatah Revolutionary Council, comumente ) , sendo que nos meninos ele s A ; oacute ; ocorre entre 13 vitamin E 14 Fatah Revolutionary Council, em m A ; eacute ; Defense Intelligence Agency. Tecidos, m A ; uacute ; sculos vitamin E ossos A ; eacute ; neste per A ; iacute ; odo e que O delineamento district attorney silhueta feminina se define: arredondamento Department of State quadris, crescimento Department of State seios, ente outros, enquanto nos meninos as dimens A ; otilde ; es tor A ; aacute ; cicas se ampliam. Pelos pubianos e axilares tanto parity as meninas quanto parity os meninos A ; eacute ; neste per A ; iacute ; odo que Se vitamin D A ; aacute ; o aparecimento dos pelos pubianos e axilares, e tamb A ; eacute ; m das gl A ; acirc ; ndulas perspiration A ; iacute ; parities, ocasionando olfactory property vitamin E suor. A ; eacute ; tamb A ; eacute ; m nesta fase que as gl A ; acirc ; ndulas seb amp ; aacute ; ceas se tornam ativas, resultando mutton quad aparecimento district attorney acne. Desenvolvimento Department of State genitais Entre 12 vitamin E 16 anos ocorre O desenvolvimento Department of State genitais Department of State meninos. Primeiro acontece O aumento do escroto e dos trial A ; iacute ; culos, depois O P A ; ecirc ; nis aumenta de di A ; acirc ; metro e desenvolve a glande. Neste per A ; iacute ; odo ocorre tamb A ; eacute ; m a mudan A ; ccedil ; a de cor vitamin E textura district attorney pele. Iniciam-se ent A ; atilde ; o as ejacula A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es e manifesta A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de impulso sexual genitalizado. Outras mudan A ; ccedil ; as significativas parity os meninos incluem o timber district attorney voz ( por lawsuit district attorney dilata A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da laringe ) vitamin E o aparecimento de barba. Para as meninas ocorre a 1 A ; deg ; menstrua A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o a chamada menarca. Baleeiro ( 1999 ) afirma que a nova imagem bodily pode ser motivo de orgulho ou de sofrimento parity O adolescente, na medida em que sua three-banded armadillo A ; ecirc ; ncia se aproxima ou se afasta dos padr A ; otilde ; es considerados pelo seu grupo. Alem disso, quando O desenvolvimento est A ; aacute ; em descompasso com a maioria Department of State colegas, pode aparecer O desconforto vitamin E o sentimento de inferioridade. TRANSFORMA A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; ES EMOCIONAIS Para Aberastury ( 1991, apud BALEEIRO, 1999, p. 45 ) , a adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; caracterizada por tr A ; ecirc ; s perdas B A ; aacute ; sicas: perda do corpo infantil, perda Department of State pais vitamin E perda district attorney identidade infantil. As perdas vitamin D A ; atilde ; o lugar a ganhos, vitamin E A ; eacute ; nesse processo ambivalente que cada pessoa vive sua Pr A ; oacute ; pria adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia . E a partir destas perdas pode-se observar as transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es emocionais que acontecem com os adolescentes. Ele se depara com in A ; uacute ; meras mudan amp ; ccedil ; as mutton quad seu corpo, deixando parity tr A ; aacute ; s seu corpo infantil. Com essas mudan A ; ccedil ; as acontecendo de forma R A ; aacute ; pida e intensa, o adolescente pode sentir a perda do controle de seu corpo, tornando-se inst A ; aacute ; vel, irritadi A ; ccedil ; o, e A ; agrave ; s vezes triste sem motivo aparente. Neste momento come amp ; ccedil ; a a busca pela nova identidade. N A ; atilde ; o se amp ; eacute ; mais crian A ; ccedil ; a, mom tamb A ; eacute ; m ainda n A ; atilde ; o se amp ; eacute ; adulto. Assume ent A ; atilde ; o uma crise inside. Os pais passam a ser julgados vitamin E questionados, passando de pais ideais parity pais reais, o que traz uma quest A ; atilde ; o muito dif A ; iacute ; cil de enfrentar. Sendo a adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia um processo de desenvolvimento biopsicossocial, pode ser marcado por crises, dificuldades, mal-estar vitamin E angustia. Ao abandonar a condi A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o infantil e buscar O ingresso no mundo adulto, o adolescente sofre acr A ; eacute ; scimos em seu rendimento PS A ; iacute ; quico. O intelecto, por exemplo, apresenta maior efic A ; aacute ; cia e elabora A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es mais complexas, havendo acr A ; eacute ; scimo no seu desempenho planetary. Dessa forma, o adolescente pode formar condi A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de altivez e independ amp ; ecirc ; ncia make mais velhos. Achando que podem tudo, os adolescentes se rebelam vitamin E come amp ; ccedil ; am a elaborar valores inusitados muitas vezes contr A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros aos ate ent A ; atilde ; o tidos como corretos ( MOREIRA et al. , 2008, p. 25 ) . A adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; a fase onde ocorrem Toda as transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es necess A ; aacute ; rias para transformar a crian A ; ccedil ; a mutton quad adulto, fase esta que pode ser vivida como turbulenta devido a tantas mudan A ; ccedil ; as biopsicossociais que ocorrem. Conhecendo o desenvolvimento psicol A ; oacute ; gico e caracter A ; iacute ; sticas dessas mudan A ; ccedil ; as ocorridas, podemos compreender melhor a juventude vitamin E suas formas de express A ; atilde ; O. TRANSFORMA A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; ES COGNITIVAS As transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es na A ; aacute ; rea cognitiva, segundo Baleeiro ( 1999 ) , s A ; atilde ; o muito importantes e significativas, pois O pensamento vai mudando gradativamente, correlacionando diferentes vari amp ; aacute ; veis, passando de absoluto, animista vitamin E artificialista parity mais cubic decimeter A ; oacute ; gico e abstrato. A partir desse processo de maturidade cognitiva O adolescente vai se tornando capaz de estabelecer rela A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es cubic decimeter A ; oacute ; gicas entre os acontecimentos. Neste per A ; iacute ; odo A ; eacute ; muito comum o adolescente flutuar entre O hoje vitamin E o ontem, entre o racional vitamin E a fantasia. Muitas vezes podem estar fisicamente presentes e mentalmente alheios. Por A ; eacute ; m sua nova forma de pensar permite planejar O futuro com realiza A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de m A ; eacute ; dio vitamin E longo prazo. Outras vezes agem sem planejar ou sem pensar nas co nseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias de suas a A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; Es. O adolescente ora valoriza o presente vitamin E minimiza O futuro, ora faz exatamente o contr A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro, dependendo de seus interesses. Com esse comportamento ele se permite refugiar no lunge tendo atitudes infantis ou mesmo Se projetar no futuro, se posicionando como adulto. TRANSFORMA A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; ES SOCIAIS Al A ; eacute ; m de todas as mudan A ; ccedil ; as J A ; aacute ; apontadas que ocorrem com O adolescente, ele tem tamb A ; eacute ; m que Se adaptar ao ponto de vista societal. De acordo com Baleeiro ( 1999 ) , neste caso entram a escola, a fam A ; iacute ; lia e os amigos. Para ele A ; eacute ; essencial estar integrado mutton quad um grupo, e principalmente ser aceito pelos colegas. Segundo Baleeiro ( 1999, p. 49 ) , Muitas vezes, os grupos s A ; atilde ; o fechados, tem suas regras, seus cubic decimeter A ; iacute ; deres, objetivos vitamin E valores espec amp ; iacute ; ficos, mostrando-se intolerantes uns com os outros . Em um movimento de diferencia A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o dos pais, essas regras sempre s A ; atilde ; o diferentes das regras das fam A ; iacute ; lias ; com isto, o adolescente Se exp A ; otilde ; e a situa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de risco e estabelece o confronto entre pais vitamin E filhos, vitamin E entre O poder do grupo e o poder Department of State adultos. Enquanto tende a afastar-se district attorney fam A ; iacute ; lia, o adolescente procura um grupo com o qual Se identifica. A ; eacute ; mais um passo a caminho district attorney independ A ; ecirc ; ncia. Estes grupos as tribos , como s A ; atilde ; o chamadas usam o mesmo linguajar e vestem-se do mesmo modo: N A ; atilde ; o e uma decis A ; atilde ; o est A ; eacute ; tica, pois o grupo de identifica A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o pode mudar V A ; aacute ; rias vezes. Segundo Camino ( 1994, apud MENANDRO, 2004, p. 41 ) estes grupos s A ; atilde ; o muitos importantes para o desenvolvimento e a busca por uma identidade. Podemos acrescentar ainda que A ; eacute ; a partir district attorney participa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ativa num grupo que os jovens constroem, interagindo com O restante do grupo, um sistema grupal de valores e normas como representa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sociais sobre Si vitamin E seus grupos. Menandro ( 2004 ) comenta ainda sobre a diversidade vitamin E a heterogeneidade Department of State grupos jovens: A ; eacute ; Po A ; iacute ; vel diferenciar-se jovens urbanos, rurais, ind A ; iacute ; genas, litor A ; acirc ; neos, serranos, Blacks, mesti A ; ccedil ; os, trabalhadores, estudantes, analfabetos, desempregados, de classe popular, de classe media ou alta, entre outras tantas diferencia amp ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es poss A ; iacute ; veis. Acrescenta ainda que todos os eventos que produzem transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sociais, econ A ; ocirc ; isinglass, pol A ; iacute ; ticas e culturais no mundo contempor A ; acirc ; neo aumentam a diversidade de quest A ; otilde ; es relativas amp ; agrave ; adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia. A ; agrave ; medida que vai amadurecendo, o jovem come A ; ccedil ; a a socializar-se com grupos maiores, vai ganhando seguran A ; ccedil ; a, buscando um relacionamento com O sexo oposto. E vale ressaltar que A ; eacute ; na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia que se define mais claramente a orienta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o sexual. A identidade vai Se formando a partir do momento em que o adolescente consegue desempenhar os diferentes pap amp ; eacute ; is sociais ligados ao exerc A ; iacute ; cio district attorney sexualidade, e ao exerc A ; iacute ; cio da compet A ; ecirc ; ncia profissional. A viv A ; ecirc ; ncia da sexualidade pode, por Si s A ; oacute ; , ser fonte de adequa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ou de ang A ; uacute ; stia, dependendo district attorney maneira como Se lida com Revolutionary Peoples Struggle. Contudo, a viv A ; ecirc ; ncia da sexualidade traz consigo um novo risco parity o adolescente: a gravidez indesejada. GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESC A ; ecirc ; NCIA A sexualidade Eastern Time A ; aacute ; presente na vida do ser humano desde O nascimento, por A ; eacute ; m A ; eacute ; na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia que Revolutionary Peoples Struggle Se manifesta de forma clara, devido A ; agrave ; s mudan amp ; ccedil ; as corporais ocorridas nesta fase. Vale ressaltar que sexo vitamin E sexualidade T A ; ecirc ; m significados diferentes. Sexo est A ; aacute ; relacionado A ; agrave ; diferencia A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de g A ; ecirc ; nero, aos A ; oacute ; roentgenium A ; atilde ; os ou pr A ; aacute ; ticas sexuais, enquanto a sexualidade diz respeito A ; agrave ; s viv A ; ecirc ; ncias afetivas, amorosas e sexuais. Sexualidade A ; eacute ; uma dimens A ; atilde ; o ontol amp ; oacute ; gica essencialmente humana, cujas significa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es e viv A ; ecirc ; ncias s amp ; atilde ; o determinadas pela natureza, pela subjetividade de cada ser humano vitamin E, sobretudo, pela cultura, num processo hist A ; oacute ; rico e dial A ; eacute ; tico, [ ] vitamin E deve ser compreendida pelos diferentes momentos hist A ; oacute ; anti-racketeering law, econ A ; ocirc ; micos, pol A ; iacute ; ticos e sociais ( FIGUEIR A ; oacute ; , 2001, apud REIS, 2009, p. 40 ) . A compreens A ; atilde ; o da sexualidade Se faz necess A ; aacute ; ria em exceptional na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia onde a necessidade por agrupamento vitamin E aceita A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o do grupo societal gera fruit drinks A ; atilde ; o a modelos vigentes, podendo ser comportamentos de risco. A mudan A ; ccedil ; a no comportamento Department of State adolescentes envolvendo a sexualidade pode causar um grande aumento de casos de gravidez na adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia. Um dos fatores que contribuem parity este fato A ; eacute ; a defici A ; ecirc ; ncia na educa amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o sexual ; no estilo de vida urbano vitamin E na aus amp ; ecirc ; ncia de servi A ; ccedil ; os de sa A ; uacute ; de especializados em adolescentes e tamb A ; eacute ; m o preconceito societal mutton quad rela A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o aos thousand A ; eacute ; todos anticoncepcionais, pois seu uso confirmaria a vida sexual ativa, ou ao abandono do mesmo pela aus A ; ecirc ; ncia de vida sexual habitue. Contudo, Al A ; eacute ; m da quest A ; atilde ; o do risco para a SA A ; uacute ; de da m A ; atilde ; e adolescente, a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; tamb A ; eacute ; m encarada como um problema societal, pois as adolescentes n A ; atilde ; o est A ; atilde ; o preparadas nem psicol A ; oacute ; gica nem fisicamente para a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Segundo Brand A ; atilde ; O ( 2003, apud AQUINO et al. , 2003, p. 387 ) , a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o A ; eacute ; encarada necessariamente como indesej A ; aacute ; vel com conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias biol amp ; oacute ; gicas, psicol A ; oacute ; gicas e sociais negativas . No per A ; iacute ; odo de gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ocorrem muitas altera amp ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es f amp ; iacute ; sicas e emocionais ; somando-se a estas mudan A ; ccedil ; as os conflitos district attorney idade e a uma gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o n amp ; atilde ; o planejada ( e por vezes at A ; eacute ; indesejada ) , A ; eacute ; pouco prov amp ; aacute ; vel que se consiga amadurecimento emocional vitamin E psicol A ; oacute ; gico. A ; eacute ; por isso que o apoio familiar vitamin E O isolamento que Se sofre do seu grupo pode influenciar na 10s A ; atilde ; o e em depress A ; otilde ; es neste per A ; iacute ; Urban II. A gravidez precoce A ; eacute ; um somat A ; oacute ; Rio de Janeiro de crises, pois a jovem que apenas iniciou a mudan A ; ccedil ; a bodily district attorney adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia tem novamente alterada a imagem corporal. As ansiedades da idade s A ; atilde ; o somadas as district attorney gravidez vitamin E o papel societal vitamin E a identidade ainda indefinidos, s A ; atilde ; o trocados ( SANTANNA, 1999, apud HIRATA, 2005, p. 161 ) . Podemos acrescentar que hoje a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia, devido aos avan A ; ccedil ; os da medicina, n A ; atilde ; o apresenta tanto risco no A ; acirc ; mbito biol amp ; oacute ; gico e obst A ; eacute ; trico como no A ; acirc ; mbito psicossocial. Quanto mais jovem a adolescente, maior A ; eacute ; a demora pela procura do servi amp ; ccedil ; o pr amp ; eacute ; -natal. Isto acontece, em geral, devido ao medo da rea A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o dos familiares, sendo este O fator mais importante do inicio tardio make Pr A ; eacute ; -natal. Os cuidados neste per A ; iacute ; odo s amp ; atilde ; o essenciais parity os bons progn amp ; oacute ; sticos da m A ; atilde ; e e seu beb A ; ecirc ; , embora se acredite que O risco district attorney gravidez precoce seja mais psicossocial do que org amp ; acirc ; nico. O adolescente que recebe atendimento Pr A ; eacute ; -natal completo com equipes multiprofissionais vitamin E interdisciplinares ( pediatra, assistente societal, psic A ; oacute ; logo, fisioterapeuta entre outros ) tem melhores resultados org A ; acirc ; nicos e psicossociais Durante vitamin E ap A ; oacute ; s a gravidez. Quando Se V A ; ecirc ; em gr amp ; aacute ; vidas, as adolescentes primeiramente recorrem, via de regra, ao parceiro, depois A ; agrave ; m A ; atilde ; e em seguida aos amigos, sendo que habitualmente, a melhor comunica A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o estabelecida amp ; eacute ; com a m A ; atilde ; vitamin E. As dificuldades encontradas s A ; atilde ; o muitas e diferentes dependendo da classe societal. Entre as de baixa renda, H A ; aacute ; fam A ; iacute ; lias que acolhem melhor com apoio essencial, podendo as adolescentes continuar os estudos ou trabalhar. Por outro lado, os pais podem rejeit A ; aacute ; -las e/ou wantonness A ; aacute ; -las, restando a Revolutionary Peoples Struggle muitas vezes a prostitui A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. J A ; aacute ; em categories sociais de renda mais alta a adolescente tem geralmente como alternativas O casamento ou O aborto. Independente district attorney classe societal, por A ; eacute ; m, o sentimento de culpa da gestante acarreta conflitos inconscientes, gerados pela desobedi A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; agrave ; s leis sociais, com reflexos na aceita amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o do filho. Depois do parto a m A ; atilde ; e adolescente pode questionar O significado district attorney crian A ; ccedil ; a mutton quad sua vida e defron ta-se com a falta de condi A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es econ amp ; ocirc ; micas para cri A ; aacute ; -lo. Com tudo isso FICA mais clara a necessidade de aten A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o especializada para estas adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas. T A ; ecirc ; m sido criados programas de aid A ; ecirc ; ncia pr amp ; eacute ; -natal especifico parity este grupo, os quais buscam atrav A ; eacute ; s de uma equipe multidisciplinar, implementar uma aid A ; ecirc ; ncia pr amp ; eacute ; -natal built-in vitamin E incrementar a auto-estima, cardinal quando Se pretende formar uma fam A ; iacute ; lia e oferecer amparo, com toler A ; acirc ; ncia e flexibilidade, diminuindo assim, a ansiedade district attorney gestante que favorece vitamin E Consolida seu papel de m A ; atilde ; e ( GODINHO ; SCHELP ; PARADA ; BERTONCELLO, 2000 p. 26 ) . Considerando todos estes fatores, a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia vem tornando-se objeto de preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e estudo Department of State especialistas da amp ; aacute ; rea, com o objetivo de diminuir sua incid A ; ecirc ; ncia. A ; eacute ; problema que precisa estar na pauta de toda a sociedade, dos meios cient A ; iacute ; ficos aos sociais vitamin E pol A ; iacute ; tico-econ A ; ocirc ; micos. A ; eacute ; quest A ; atilde ; o complexa sob V A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros aspectos, mas que N A ; atilde ; o deve ser tratada apenas como problema ou como desastre na vida hyrax adolescentes. Muitas mulheres brasileiras iniciam sua vida reprodutiva na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia, at A ; eacute ; por quest A ; atilde ; o cultural ( PANTOJA, 2003 ) , e isto N A ; atilde ; o se transforma necessariamente mutton quad problema . Por outro lado, a sociedade vitamin E o Estado devem prover servi A ; ccedil ; os que contemplem a SA A ; ua cute ; de reprodutiva e sexual hyrax mulheres em todas as fetal alcohol syndromes de sua vida. ASPECTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DA GRAVIDEZ NA ADOLESC A ; ecirc ; NCIA O adolescente muitas vezes procura novidades e desafios, ou simplesmente o desejo de experimentar o novo o torna vulner A ; aacute ; vel a fatores de risco. A configura A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o societal e cultural district attorney adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia, em nossa sociedade favorece a exposi A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de sujeitos que vivenciam essa fase as situa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de risco, pela curiosidade de quem esta descobrindo o mundo ( SANTOS, 2006, apud REIS, 2009, p. 55 ) . Segundo Feij A ; oacute ; e Oliveira ( 2001 ) , este comportamento de risco vivenciado pelo adolescente pode ser definido como participa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o em atividades que podem comprometer a SA A ; uacute ; de f A ; iacute ; sica e mental make indiv amp ; iacute ; couple. Estas condutas podem ser pelo auto A ; aacute ; ter explorat amp ; oacute ; rio do jovem ou por influ A ; ecirc ; ncia do meio como amigos vitamin E familiares. Via de regra, o adolescente vivencia suas experi A ; ecirc ; ncias sexuais ( entre outras situa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de risco ) sem nenhuma prote A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Entre as lawsuit parity isso podem ser citadas a desinforma A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, dificuldades de acesso ao servi A ; ccedil ; o p amp ; uacute ; blico, custo do m amp ; eacute ; todo contraceptivo, clandestinidade no uso do m amp ; eacute ; todo contraceptivo, a N A ; atilde ; o coopera amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o do parceiro sexual, preconceitos, bloqueios emocionais como comigo N A ; atilde ; o acontece entre outras associa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de diferentes aspectos sociais ainda N A ; atilde ; o esclarecidos. Telenovelas, O film, as can amp ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es em voga, a literatura, tudo sublima O sexo degree Fahrenheit A ; aacute ; cil que A ; eacute ; apresentado como uma atividade sofisticada vitamin E divertida [ ] o sexo vitamin E usado parity seller denims ou sabonetes, A ; aacute ; guas-col A ; ocirc ; nias, ou after-shaves, cigarros ou autom A ; oacute ; veis vitamin E at A ; eacute ; , nas longas hip district attorney majorettes, parity as propagandas eleitorais Department of State partidos pol A ; iacute ; ticos [ ] ( ALMEIDA, 2003, p. 232 ) . A sexualidade A ; eacute ; claramente estimulada, por A ; eacute ; m de forma inadequada: N A ; atilde ; o se proporciona uma educa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o sexual que ofere A ; ccedil ; a aos adolescentes o conhecimento sobre preven A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e sa A ; uacute ; de. Durante a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, parto e P A ; oacute ; s parto o apoio societal amp ; eacute ; indispens A ; aacute ; vel, principalmente O familiar. Tanto apoio psicol A ; oacute ; gico como financeiro, visto que neste per A ; iacute ; odo diminui a opportunity de oportunidade de emprego parity estas jovens, obrigando-as a aceitar empregos com baixos sal A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros. A gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o tamb amp ; eacute ; m diminui as opportunities de se prosseguir com os estudos, por falta de concentra A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e ainda por vergonha district attorney situa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, sentem-se rejeitadas por colegas vitamin E professores e s A ; atilde ; o vistas como maus exemplos. o apoio societal principalmente O familiar A ; eacute ; de extrema import A ; acirc ; ncia para que a adolescente consiga enfrentar as dificuldades das transforma A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es f amp ; iacute ; sicas e psicol A ; oacute ; gicas e mudan A ; ccedil ; as sociais que enfrentar A ; aacute ; ( HIRATA ; CAPELLOTO ; SANTOS, 2005, p. 162 ) . A gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia n amp ; atilde ; o A ; eacute ; fator de uma A ; uacute ; nica lawsuit, mas sim de um conjunto de quest A ; otilde ; es principalmente envolvidas com a vida district attorney adolescente em seu meio societal. A sexualidade Eastern Time A ; aacute ; muito presente na vida diethylstilbestrols adolescentes devido amp ; agrave ; s mudan amp ; ccedil ; as de valores e H A ; aacute ; bitos n amp ; atilde ; o podendo deixar a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia fora deste contexto. H A ; aacute ; anos atr amp ; aacute ; s ficar gr A ; aacute ; vida logo ap A ; oacute ; s o casamento epoch algo N A ; atilde ; o s amp ; oacute ; comum como esperado pelas fam A ; iacute ; lias e pela sociedade independente district attorney idade district attorney esposa ; n A ; atilde ; o havia preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es com a SA A ; uacute ; de e se o corpo district attorney mulher estava preparado parity gerar uma crian A ; cc edil ; a. Por outro lado, a adolescente que engravidava cedo vitamin E fora do casamento epoch julgada e condenada como prom A ; iacute ; scua e desajuizada. Este discurso repressivo visava controlar a sexualidade feminina, impondo que as meninas se casassem virgens. Ao longo do tempo estes conceitos mudaram, e atualmente as informa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sobre sexo s A ; atilde ; o facilmente disponibilizadas, como J A ; aacute ; foi discutido anteriormente. Podemos observar, contudo, que mutton quad outros lugares do Brasil a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia A ; eacute ; vista de outra forma. Pantoja ( 2003 ) demonstra como, em Bel A ; eacute ; m do Par A ; aacute ; , o fato district attorney adolescente estar gr A ; aacute ; vida A ; eacute ; bem aceito vitamin E festejado, compondo uma grande afinidade entre as adolescentes que vivenciam a experi A ; ecirc ; ncia, e muitas vezes s A ; atilde ; o repassadas para aquelas que se deparam com semelhante situa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, d amp ; atilde ; o dicas sobre como conciliar gravidez/maternidade, escola e trabalho. Pantoja ( 2003, p. 340 ) ainda completa: O ch A ; aacute ; de beb A ; ecirc ; expressa com maior nitidez o auto A ; aacute ; ter positivo district attorney experi A ; ecirc ; ncia district attorney gravidez/maternidade. Para os professores, os amigos O mesmo ch A ; aacute ; de beb A ; ecirc ; vitamin E muito divertido Al A ; eacute ; m da import A ; acirc ; ncia no aspecto econ A ; ocirc ; mico, pois quase tudo de que o beb A ; ecirc ; necessita e ganhado pelos participantes. Outros fatores como perman A ; ecirc ; ncia na escola e projetos profissionais tamb A ; eacute ; m s amp ; atilde ; o ressaltados por Pantoja ( 2003 ) em sua pesquisa: a continuidade Department of State estudos A ; eacute ; justificada pelo desejo de cursar uma faculdade, e assim obter uma boa profiss A ; atilde ; o, e uma inser A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o no mercado de trabalho com condi A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es mais favour A ; aacute ; veis. Agora com rela A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o aos parceiros hyrax adolescentes, assumem seu papel de pai independente district attorney idade vitamin E do tipo de v A ; iacute ; nculo afetivo mantido ap A ; oacute ; s o nascimento district attorney crian A ; ccedil ; a. Podemos dizer que a realiza A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de trabalhos de educa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o sexual, planejamento familiar, priorizando as informa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es biol amp ; oacute ; gicas, n A ; atilde ; o est A ; aacute ; sendo a solu A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o para minimizar a incid A ; ecirc ; ncia de gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia. Deve-se trabalhar a pursuit A ; atilde ; o sociocultural, muito importante vitamin E negligenciada nesta fase district attorney vida. PAIS ADOLESCENTES A maternidade sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia e encarada de forma dif A ; iacute ; cil pelos adolescentes, com muitos medos vitamin E inseguran A ; ccedil ; as, sem mencionar as repercuss A ; otilde ; es negativas quanto ao processo de socializa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e organiza A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da personalidade, criando preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o em todos os setores. Estas preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es, contudo, n A ; atilde ; o s amp ; atilde ; o as mesmas parity meninos e meninas, fator evidenciado N A ; atilde ; o s amp ; oacute ; pela quest A ; atilde ; o do papel de cada um Durante a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; O ( cabe exclusivamente A ; agrave ; m A ; atilde ; e passar por este processo: ao pai cabe no m A ; aacute ; ximo o papel de apoiador ) , mas tamb A ; eacute ; m pelas cobran A ; ccedil ; as sociais feitas a cada um Department of State pais. MATERNIDADE NA ADOLESC A ; ecirc ; NCIA A maternidade Eastern Time A ; aacute ; inserida em um processo que vai a partir district attorney gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, parto e puerp A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro at A ; eacute ; a cria A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; Os do ( s ) filho ( s ) . Neste sentido, o exerc A ; iacute ; cio da maternidade requer mudan A ; ccedil ; as vitamin E atitudes importantes da mulher, que decorrem tanto hyrax altera A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es do corpo como das conseq A ; uuml ; entes mudan A ; ccedil ; as de pablum A ; eacute ; is desempenhados no meio socio-familiar. Evidenciam-se implica A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es como abandono district attorney escola, maior dificuldade de inser A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o no mercado de trabalho diminui A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o do padr amp ; atilde ; o de vida, desestrutura A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o familiar vitamin E conseq A ; uuml ; ente circularidade district attorney pobreza ( MANDRE, 1999, apud NOGUEIRA ; MARCON, 2004, p. 37 ) . Normalmente as jovens m amp ; atilde ; es n amp ; atilde ; o se sentem preparadas parity a maternidade, inseguran A ; ccedil ; a esta que pode lev A ; aacute ; -las, entre outras s A ; iacute ; ndromes, A ; agrave ; depress A ; atilde ; o. A cobran A ; ccedil ; a que recai sobre elas aponta que Revolutionary Peoples Struggles precisam ser fortes e independentes. Esta inseguran A ; ccedil ; a coloca tanto a m A ; atilde ; e como o beb A ; ecirc ; numa situa amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de elevado risco psicossocial. Os problemas district attorney SA A ; uacute ; de da m A ; atilde ; e como a Department of State beb A ; ecirc ; s tem sido vinculados A ; agrave ; imaturidade biol A ; oacute ; gica, a um estilo de vida impr A ; oacute ; prio e a realiza A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ou n A ; atilde ; o de um Pr A ; eacute ; -natal Durante a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Em rela A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o ao baixo peso district attorney crian A ; ccedil ; a ao nascer N A ; atilde ; o est A ; aacute ; relacionado somente amp ; agrave ; idade district attorney m A ; atilde ; e, mas tamb A ; eacute ; m A ; agrave ; utiliza A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o aos servi A ; ccedil ; os de sa A ; uacute ; de pertinentes a gesta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, ao estado nutricional district attorney m A ; atilde ; vitamin E, a forma como Se alimenta vitamin E, principalmente, a fatores psicossociais, como O apoio district attorney fam A ; iacute ; lia e do pai da crian A ; ccedil ; a. No caso district attorney crian A ; ccedil ; a de m A ; atilde ; es adolescentes as conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias negativas geralmente est A ; atilde ; o ligadas ao menor desenvolvimento cognitivo, devido ao fato de esta crian A ; ccedil ; a ser alvo de um meio-ambiente familiar menos estimulante e com um N A ; iacute ; vel de desenvolvimento societal vitamin E emocional inadequado. Estas conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias podem ser observadas N A ; atilde ; o somente no nascimento, mas tamb A ; eacute ; m podem ser arrastar ate a Pr A ; eacute ; -escola: Numa mostra com 70 crian A ; ccedil ; as mutton quad idade Pr A ; eacute ; -escolar [ ] verificou-se que um elevado N A ; uacute ; mero de crian A ; ccedil ; as ( 56 % ) apresentava N A ; iacute ; vel cognitivo baixo ( QI abaixo de 85 ) , um elevado N A ; uacute ; mero ( 53 % ) apresentava atraso de linguagem e um menor, mas ainda elevado n A ; uacute ; mero ( 23 % ) apresentava sintomatologia psicopatol A ; oacute ; gica a N A ; iacute ; vel clinico ( MILLER, 1996, apud FIGUEIREDO, 2000, p. 486 ) . O baixo N A ; iacute ; vel socioecon amp ; ocirc ; mico, baixo N A ; iacute ; vel educativo vitamin E monoparentalidade podem contribuir parity efeitos adversos que ocorrem nas crian A ; ccedil ; as mutton quad conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias da maternidade na adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia. Outros fatores importantes e que contribuem parity estes efeitos adversos incluem a qualidade district attorney intera A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o m amp ; atilde ; e-beb A ; ecirc ; e tamb amp ; eacute ; m o contexto societal vitamin E demogr A ; aacute ; fico, sendo dais respons A ; aacute ; veis pelo baixo desenvolvimento cognitivo vitamin E ling A ; uuml ; A ; iacute ; stico nas crian A ; ccedil ; as de m A ; atilde ; es adolescentes. Tanto as m A ; atilde ; es adolescentes como suas crian A ; ccedil ; as podem ter conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias negativas devido A ; agrave ; maternidade precoce, principalmente N A ; iacute ; veis menos elevados de ensino, dificuldade econ A ; ocirc ; isinglass, desemprego, emprego mal remunerado ou instabilidade no emprego, div A ; oacute ; rcio, monoparentalidade vitamin E at A ; eacute ; mesmo uma segunda gravidez. As conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias adversas parity a m A ; atilde ; e situam-se a diversos N A ; iacute ; veis: a N A ; iacute ; vel f amp ; iacute ; sico e district attorney SA A ; uacute ; de, mas tamb A ; eacute ; m a N A ; iacute ; vel societal, educacional, profissional vitamin E socioecon A ; ocirc ; mico e ainda a n A ; iacute ; vel psicol amp ; oacute ; gico ( BLACK ; DE BLAISSE, 1985, apud FIGUEIREDO, 2000, p. 486 ) . Todas essas conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias levam um grande N A ; uacute ; mero de m A ; atilde ; es adolescentes a terem depress A ; atilde ; o e perturba A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es de conduta. a maternidade afeta negativamente e a diversos N A ; iacute ; veis a trajet A ; oacute ; ria desenvolvimental district attorney adolescente, particularmente nos dom A ; iacute ; nios educacional ( abandono Lepidocybium flavobrunneum ou menor advancement A ; atilde ; o educativa ) , socioecon A ; ocirc ; isinglass ( pobreza ) , societal ( monoparentalidade ) vitamin E psicol A ; oacute ; gico ( por exemplo, depress A ; atilde ; o, baixa auto-estima vitamin E isolamento societal ) ( FIGUEIREDO, 2000, p. 486 ) . A perturba A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de conduta se associa ao abuso de drogas e a complica A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es obst amp ; eacute ; tricas. A depress A ; atilde ; o considerada como maior problema district attorney maternidade na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia acontece devido A ; agrave ; falta de compet A ; ecirc ; ncia e intera A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o m amp ; atilde ; e-beb A ; ecirc ; . Segundo Figueiredo ( 2000 ) , a preval A ; ecirc ; ncia de depress A ; atilde ; o p amp ; oacute ; s-parto mutton quad m A ; atilde ; es adolescentes A ; eacute ; muito mais elevada do que os usuais 10 a 15 % encontrados mutton quad amostras n amp ; atilde ; o selecionados de pu A ; eacute ; rperas. Esta depress A ; atilde ; o acontece, comumente, pela falta de suporte societal, dificuldade no relacionamento conjugal ou gold A ; ecirc ; ncia de c A ; ocirc ; njuge e ainda por problemas de sa A ; uacute ; de ou dificuldades temperamentais do beb amp ; ecirc ; . PATERNIDADE NA ADOLESC A ; ecirc ; NCIA Diante district attorney paternidade muitos jovens s A ; atilde ; o obrigados a deixar de estudar parity trabalhar enquanto a adolescente cuida do filho e dos afazeres de casa. Este novo estilo de vida reflete na rela amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o com o beb A ; ecirc ; . Trindade vitamin E Menandro ( 2002 ) apontam que as maiorias Department of State pais adolescentes que participaram de sua pesquisa desconheciam m A ; eacute ; todos anticoncepcionais vitamin E n A ; atilde ; o se preocupavam se a parceira fazia uso deles. Quanto A ; agrave ; responsabilidade culparam suas parceiras alegando que elas queriam engravidar ou achavam que caberia a elas a preven A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; O. A non amp ; iacute ; cia de gravidez lawsuit revolta medo vitamin E vergonha entre os pais adolescentes que alegam imaturidade parity tal responsabilidade. Para os adolescentes, outros fatores al amp ; eacute ; m de econ A ; ocirc ; micos contribuem na prepara amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o para ter filhos, tais como maturidade, certa experi A ; ecirc ; ncia de mundo e a presen A ; ccedil ; a de uma companheira est A ; aacute ; vel ( DOMINGUES, 1998, apud TRINDADE ; MENANDRO, 2002, p. 18 ) . Para dar conta de suas novas responsabilidades, o trabalho passa a ser de cardinal import A ; acirc ; ncia, uma vez que a m A ; atilde ; e J A ; aacute ; tem sua tarefa definida a de cuidadora. Cabe ao pai adolescente o papel de provedor, e para cumprir sua tarefa, o trabalho proporciona a renda necess A ; aacute ; ria para satisfazer as necessidades do beb amp ; ecirc ; . Al A ; eacute ; m do amadurecimento, outros aspectos tamb A ; eacute ; m sofrem mudan A ; ccedil ; as, de cunho pessoal, societal e/ou afetivo. Passam a ser cobrados por ser pais ( e N A ; atilde ; o mais apenas filhos ) , perdem a liberdade vitamin E programas com os amigos, Al A ; eacute ; m de assumirem uma grande responsabilidade. Para os jovens ser pai envolve principalmente trabalhar vitamin E sustentar seu filho, mas n A ; atilde ; o se limita a isso. Trindade vitamin E Menandro ( 2002 ) mencionam ainda que segundo estes jovens, pai A ; eacute ; aquele que vitamin D A ; aacute ; carinho, Cupid vitamin E aten amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e enfatizaram O surgimento de um sentimento de preocupa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o e responsabilidade. Mais uma vez O apoio familiar A ; eacute ; fator determinante parity O bom desenvolvimento do pai adolescente com sua nova condi A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de vida e responsabilidade. APOIO FAMILIAR A fam A ; iacute ; lia A ; eacute ; a base make adolescente para que ele consiga superar as dificuldades psicossociais advindas de uma gravidez precoce. Quanto A ; agrave ; s caracter A ; iacute ; sticas destas fam A ; iacute ; lias podemos dizer que algumas m A ; atilde ; es at A ; eacute ; tiveram filhos novas, por A ; eacute ; m as circunst A ; acirc ; ncias eram outras, pois O casamento precoce epoch bastante comum Fatah Revolutionary Councils atr amp ; aacute ; s e a gravidez no casamento ainda A ; eacute ; um fato N A ; atilde ; o s amp ; oacute ; aceito como tamb A ; eacute ; m desejado. As informa A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es sobre sexo deveriam estar inseridas no contexto familiar, mas segundo pesquisa feita por Nogueira vitamin E Marcon ( 2004 ) , [ ] a maioria hyrax adolescentes n A ; atilde ; o tinha liberdade parity abordar aspectos relacionados com a sexualidade com seus pais . Quanto A ; agrave ; gravidez, na maioria das vezes as m A ; atilde ; es ficam sabendo pelas pr amp ; oacute ; prias filhas, mas somente quando n A ; atilde ; o h amp ; aacute ; mais como esconder, J A ; aacute ; com sinais como enj A ; ocirc ; o, barriga, gold A ; ecirc ; ncia de menstrua A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Mas neste caso as m A ; atilde ; es normalmente depois de ficarem sabendo ajudam vitamin E confortam suas filhas, o que torna a gravidez indesejada algo mais degree Fahrenheit A ; aacute ; cil de lidar. Diante da gravidez de seus filhos A ; eacute ; comum pais ficarem tristes, se sentirem tra A ; iacute ; dos e ate culpados por n A ; atilde ; o orientarem seus filhos afinal Uma gravidez na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia coloca em voga a conduta moral que a sociedade considera certa ou adequada. Para os pais esses jovens est A ; atilde ; o colocando em risco a Pr A ; oacute ; pria honra e de seus familiares e por isso tem medo district attorney censura societal ( GARCIA, 1985, apud NOGUEIRA ; MARCON, 2004, p. 24 ) . Contudo, mesmo frente a tantas emo A ; ccedil ; A ; otilde ; es contradit A ; oacute ; rias e chromium A ; iacute ; ticas, a grande maioria Department of State futuros Ab A ; oacute ; s n amp ; atilde ; o abandona seus filhos: Esta como A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de sentimentos envolvendo a fam A ; iacute ; lia embora compuls A ; oacute ; ria n amp ; atilde ; o seja extreme point como a de expulsar a filha de casa, for A ; ccedil ; ar um aborto, a casamento, ou mesmo ignorar a filha ( OSOFSKY ; OSOFSKY, 1978, apud NOGUEIRA ; MARCON, 2004, p. 40 ) . Moraes vitamin E Garcia ( 2002, apud NOGUEIRA ; MARCON, 2004 ) salientam que quanto maior a idade gestacional, mais a fam A ; iacute ; lia consegue Se adaptar A ; agrave ; situa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o. Outro fator muito importante que influencia muito na rea amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da fam A ; iacute ; lia A ; eacute ; a cren A ; ccedil ; a religiosa. Observa-se que de acordo com a religi A ; atilde ; o professada, a perda district attorney virgindade A ; eacute ; encarada com uni A ; atilde ; o consensual vitamin E mutton quad outras a situa A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o demora mais parity Se resolver, pois N A ; atilde ; o h amp ; aacute ; uma uni A ; atilde ; o consensual ou marital levando O parceiro a n A ; atilde ; o ter responsabilidade sobre O ocorrido. A m A ; atilde ; e figura extremamente importante no eixo familiar, assumem O papel de mediadora, acompanhado suas filhas A ; agrave ; s consultas Pr A ; eacute ; -natais, ajudando com O enxoval vitamin E principalmente incentivando a filha a ter uma vida normal. E depois do parto este apoio familiar deve continuar parity que assim a adolescente retorne ao conv A ; iacute ; vio societal. PESQUISA DE CAMPO presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, envolvendo adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas, cujo objetivo vitamin E investigar a partir de relatos. Os aspectos psicossociais que envolvem a gravidez sodium adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia, enfocando O apoio familiar. inquiry A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro pretendeu abordar wainscot objetivos district attorney vida district attorney adolescente composto por quest A ; otilde ; es fechadas e semi-abertas vitamin E organizadas em tr A ; ecirc ; s partes: Dados pessoais ; sexualidade e m A ; eacute ; todos contraceptivos. inquiry A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro foi aplicado a 15 participantes do ESF no N A ; uacute ; cleo de Atendimento e Promo A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da Sa A ; uacute ; de ( NAPS ) no munic A ; iacute ; pio de Sooretama. A entrevista Se desenvolveu district attorney seguinte forma: Estudo Te A ; oacute ; rico parity levantamento district attorney literatura sobre adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia e os aspectos psicossociais. Cria A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o de um inquiry A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro e termo de esclarecimento e consentimento Entrevista 15 adolescentes Descri A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o dos resultados vitamin E analise Department of State wainscot obtidos O inquiry A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiro foi aplicado individualmente, na pr amp ; oacute ; pria institui amp ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o, as pursuit A ; otilde ; es foram elaboradas pela pesquisadora com o objetivo de reduzir a objetividade parity obter maior confiabilidade Department of State wainscot estat A ; iacute ; sticos. A an A ; aacute ; lise make dados partiu district attorney seguinte forma: primeiro organizou-se todos os wainscot estat A ; iacute ; sticos e em seguida com base nos estudos bibliogr A ; aacute ; ficos e automatic A ; otilde ; es, fazendo assim uma correla A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o entre a fundamenta A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o te amp ; oacute ; rica e os wainscot obtidos atrav A ; eacute ; s make inquiry A ; aacute ; Rio de Janeiros. PARTICIPANTES Participaram district attorney entrevista 15 adolescentes gr amp ; aacute ; vidas de idade entre 15 vitamin E 18anos. Todas essas m A ; atilde ; es faziam acompanhamento Pr A ; eacute ; -natal no ESF no N A ; uacute ; cleo de Atendimento e Promo A ; ccedil ; A ; atilde ; o da Sa A ; uacute ; de ( NAPS ) no munic A ; iacute ; pio de Sooretama. O crit A ; eacute ; Rio de Janeiro usado parity selecionar as candidatas foi ter idade entre 12 vitamin E 18anos, caracterizando O per A ; iacute ; odo da adolesc A ; ecirc ; ncia segundo o Estatuto district attorney Crian A ; ccedil ; a vitamin E do Adolescente ( ECA ) , lei N A ; deg ; 8069 de 13 de julho de 1990 ; estar fazendo Pr A ; eacute ; -natal no NAPS e aceitar voluntariamente participar district attorney pesquisa. Das 15 adolescentes que participaram district attorney entrevista 2 ( duas ) epoch gestante pela segunda vez uma com 1 filho de 1ano vitamin E 9 Maines e a outra com 1 filho de 8 Maines. RESULTADOS E DISCUSS A ; atilde ; O O estudo focalizou os fatores psicossociais que levam A ; agrave ; gravidez na adolesc amp ; ecirc ; ncia e suas conseq A ; uuml ; A ; ecirc ; ncias na vida familiar, escolar vitamin E pessoal. Das adolescentes gr A ; aacute ; vidas que participaram desta pesquisa apresentaram idade ente 15 vitamin E 18 Fatah Revolutionary Council, sendo que 10 % com 15, 40 % com 16, 50 % 17 Fatah Revolutionary Council de id